White four-o'clock

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White four-o'clock fruit

White four-o'clock leaves

White four-o'clock inflorescence

White four-o'clock leaves

White four-o'clock flower

White four-o'clock flower

White four-o'clock

White four-o'clock leaves

White four-o'clock fruit

White four-o'clock leaves

White four-o'clock leaves

White four-o'clock

White four-o'clock

White four-o'clock flower

White four-o'clock leaves

White four-o'clock

Morphology

Stem

Erect or ascending, few or highly branched, glabrous or sparsely to densely hirsute or long-pilose, often glaucous.

Leaves

Opposite, simple; petioles of principal leaves 0 to 1.6 inch; blades green to blue-gray, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or ovate, 1.2 to 4.5 inches long, 1/8 to 1 inch wide, thin to thick, base attenuate or cuneate to round, truncate, or cordate, margins entire to nearly wavy, tip acute, round, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous, viscid-pubescent, or hirsute.

Inflorescence

Cymes, axillary or terminal, few-branched; bracts 5, usually connate, green or papery; peduncles 1/25 to 1 inch, viscid-pubescent to puberulent with curled hairs; involucres 1/6 to 1/4 inch at flowering, 1/3 to 3/5 inch in fruit, sparsely to densely pubescent.

Flower

1-3 per involucre; perianth funnelform to campanulate; calyx white to pink or rose, 1/3 to 2/5 inch; stamens 3-5; stigmas capitate.

Fruit

Achenes, brown to dark brown, obovoid, 1/6 to 1/5 inch, hard, 5-ribbed, pubescent, angles usually tuberculate, sometimes merely rugose or smooth, sides tuberculate.

Ecology

Habitat

Tallgrass prairies and rocky sites in oak-hickory woodlands

Distribution

Principally east 1/2 of Kansas

Additional Notes

Synonyms

Alternative scientific names that have been used for this plant.